Hair waving apparatus



Nov. 28, 1933. A. 1,936,580

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed May 25, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR.

614%, Q- aw dew, d TTORN$ I Nov. 28, 1933. A. G. BORDEN HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed May 25, 19:52

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

TORNEY cal Patented Nov. 28, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HAIR wavmc srramrrus Application May 25;;932. Serial No. 613,488 20 Claims. (01. 132-36) My invention relates broadly to hair waving apparatus and more particularly to an improved construction ofheater in which hair is curled upon a mandrel and subjected to a heat treatment operation for imparting a permanent wave to the hair.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a construction of hair waving apparatus capable of imparting greater protection to the patron during a hair waving operation.

Another object of my invention is to provide a construction of mandrel on which hair is wrapped for a heat treatment operation wherein the mandrel is constructed of a metallic rod having a coating of heat resisting material thereon.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a construction of mandrel for hair waving apparatus wherein a metallic core is covered with a phenol condensation product having high heat resisting properties which prevents the strands of hair immediately in contact with the rod from being overheated or receiving more heat than the strands of hair which are two or three layers away from the rod.

A further object of my invention is to provide a construction of heat treatment chamber for hair waving apparatus having a closure member which may be moved into engagement with the lower end of the heat treatment chamber without exposing the strands of hair to metallic parts.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a construction of hair waving apparatus in which a sanitary pad is provided for the end of the heat treatment chamber which contacts with the crown of the patron, which pad is readily removable and replaceable for each heat treatment operation.

Another object of my invention is to provide a construction of closure for the end of a heat treatment chamber in a hair waving apparatus having pins depending therefrom for removably securing a replaceable sanitary pad on the end of the closure adjacent the crown of the patron.

Other and further objects of my invention re side in the construction of hair waving apparatus as set forth more fully in the specification hereinafter following by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is an elevational view showing the heater chamber and the lower closure therefor about to be moved into position at the end of the heater chamber; Fig. 2 shows the closure in position at the end of the heater chamber; Fig. 3 is a side elevational view partially broken away and shown in cross section to illustrate the engagement of the closure member with the lower end of the heater chamber; Fig. 4 is a lateral cross-sectional view taken on line- 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a lower end view of the closure member for the heat treatment chamber;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the upper section of the closure member; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the lower section of the closure member; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the lower section of the closure member in reversed position to show the projecting pins on which the removable pad is supported; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the removable sanitary pad which is attachable to the lower section of the closure member; Fig. 10 is an elevational view of the mandrel of heat resisting material; Fig. 11 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a modified form. of heat resisting mandrel employing my invention; Fig. 12 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a further modified form of heat resisting mandrel embodying my invention; Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken through the mandrel'on line 13-13 of Fig. 11; and Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 14-44 of i 12.

My improved hair waver has been developed to increase the safety of the patron during a hair waving operation. The closure member which is applied to the base of the heat treatment chamber is so formed that there are no exposed metal parts which may become subject to excessive temperature and result in impartingexcessive dryness or actual injury to the hair. I avoid the use of any metallic springs for engaging the lower end of the heat treatment chamber and employ lugs directly upon the end closure of heat insulating material, which lugs are adapted to engage an annular groove carried by the end of the heat treatment chamber. formed from heat insulating material is divided into a pair of angularly movable sections. The lower section is provided with depending pins arranged to receive and retain a removable sanitary pad thereon which is adapted to directly 10 revents the mandrel from warping or bending The end closure which is The mandrel a groove 5 adjacent the circular end 4 thereof.

and provides a rigid screw-threaded connection with the end closure for the heat treatment chamber. The coating formed by the phenol condensation product has such heat resisting qualities that in spite of the fact that the mandrel is subjected to the effects of continuous heating within the heat treatment chamber, the mandrel is not raised to excessive temperatures and thus prevents tarnishing, oxidizing, or the discoloring of the hair and gives a more even heating of the hair strands. The strands of hair immediately adjacent the mandrel are not overheated and do not receive more heat than the strands of hair two or three layers away. An all-metal or aluminum mandrel absorbs and transmits heat so readily that the strands of hair immediately adjacent the surface of such mandrel become dry and brittle and lose their vitality, as the strands of hair immediately adjacent the metallic mandrel receive a greater amount of heat than the balance of the strands of hair removed from the surface of the metallic mandrel. I secure the coating of the phenol condensation product to the metallic rod forming the core of the mandrel by a molding process. The core of the mandrel is provided with laterally projecting extensions or inwardly directed recesses for forming a close union between the coating of heat resisting material and the core of the mandrel.

Referring to the drawings in more detail, the heat treatment chamber of the hair waving apparatus is represented as having separable parts 1 and 2 connected centrally as indicated at 3. The separable parts 1 and 2 are formed from heat resisting material. The lower part 2 of the heat treatment chamber is provided with an annular The circular end 4 of the heat treatment chamber provides a seat against which the end closure is engaged. The end closure comprises a substantially cup shaped member 6 of heat resisting material which conforms with the circular end 4 and is provided with tangential portions 7 at di ametrically opposed positions on the end closure, the tangential portions 7 forming lugs which engage over the edge of the circular end 4 in the groove 5 for retaining the end closure on the end of the heat treatment chamber. The circular end 4 provides an abrupt rim adjacent the groove 5 over which the lugs 7 engage. The wall 6 yields sumciently to allow the lugs to spread and interlock over the end of the heat treatment chamber. It will be observed that the wall of the cup shaped member 6 is slotted at 11, the slot extending into the arcuate shaped aperture shown at 12. The aperture 12 is formed on a radius with the circular aperture 14 as a center. The screw member 15 which passes through the section 8 of the end closure passes through the aperture 14 in the section 6 of the end closure and engages the screw threaded bushing 16 connected with the mandrel 17. The mandrel 17 is formed by the central metallic rod 18 which fits into one end of the bushing 16 and extends to the end of the mandrel as indicated at 18a. The rod 18 is coated with a phenol condensation product constituting a heat resisting covering designated at 19. The covering of heat resisting material 19 which is formed over the metallic core or rod 18 is maintained in position by the pressure molding process to which the mandrel is subjected for forming the smooth walled heat resisting mandrel represented in Fig. 10. In order to insure the adherence of the coating of heat resisting material 19 through the rod or core 18 I may provide protrusions projecting from the core 18 as indicated at 18a which enables the heat resisting material 19 to be retained in close union with the metallic core 18. The coating 19 may also be maintained in position by means of the structure represented in Fig. 12 in which recesses 18b are provided in core 18 to enable the heat insulating material to flow into the recesses in the rod 18 and thus establish close adhesion to the rod 18.

The and closure formed by the nested sections 6 and 8 is secured in position with respect to mandrel 17 by screw 15 anchored in section 8 and extending loosely through the aperture 14 in section 6. The upwardly extending side wall portion 9 of the lower section 8 fits into the cut away portions of the substantially cup shaped section 6 directly contacting with portions 6a and 6b and conforming with the over all dimensions of the upwardly extending wall of the up per cup shaped section 6. The lower section 8 is provided with an arcuate shaped aperture 20 therein and a radially extending side opening 21 which may be aligned with the aperture 12 and side opening 11 in the upper section 6. The upper section 6 has a depending lug 6c integral therewith and extending through the arcuate shaped aperture 20 in lower section 8. The lower section 8 has an upwardly projecting lug 8c thereon extending upwardly through arcuate shaped aperture 12 in the upper section 6. The sections 6 and 8 may be moved through a short angular distance by applying pressure through the fingers on the radially extending actuator lugs 10 on lower section 8 and 22 on upper section 6. By spreading the actuator lugs 10 and 22 as represented in Figs. 4 and 5 to their extreme limits, the slots 11 and 21 may be aligned to receive strands of hair wrapped at 23, which strands may be moved radially through the aligned side openings 11 and 21 and into position through the arcuate shaped apertures 12 and 20. The projecting members 60 and at opposite ends of the arcuate shaped apertures 12 and 20 form gripping faces between which the strands of hair 23 are anchored and maintained in position preparatory to a wrapping operation on mandrel 17. In order to effect the wrapping of the strands of hair 23 on the mandrel 17, the winder 24 is employed to grip the strands of hair and guide the hair in wrapped formation upon the mandrel 17 as designated generally in Fig. 3. The hair, after being wrapped on the mandrel is then protected by means of a tape 25 wrapped over the hair and the heat treatment chamber lowered over the mandrel and snapped into position on the end closure by virtue of the gripping action between the flattened tangential lugs at opposite sides of the end closure.

It will be observed that the strands of hair which pass into the heat treatment chamber and upon the mandrel are protected at all times against contact with metallic parts. The strands of hair are brought into contact only with heat resisting material which prevents injury to the hair. The electric heater which is mounted within the heat treatment chamber is represented at 26 supported by insulating mounting 27 and arranged about the heater cylinder 28. The insulating mounting 27 serves as a carrier for the cylindrical reflector 29 which serves to concentrate the heat from heater winding 26 inwardly for subjecting the strands of hair within the heat treatment chamber to heat treatment at maximum temperature while avoiding loss of heat by radiation outwardly from the heat treatment chamber. The sections 1 and 2 of the casing are provided with apertures 1a and 2a which prevent the confining of heat immediately below the surface of the sections 1 and 2 of the casing, thereby avoiding excessive absorption of heat by the casing and increase in temperature of the casing beyond a safe and convenient operating limit. The mandrel 17 projects beyond the crown portion 30 of the heat treatment chamber when the apparatus is in assembled position. Electrical connection to the ends of the heater winding 26 is established through conductors 31 which extend through the supporting lug 32 integrally formed on the upper section 1 of the heat treatment chamber and into the connecting blocks for the ends of the heater winding located in diametrically opposite lugs 33 adjacent the top of section 1 of the heat treatment chamher.

The lower section 8 of the end closure for the heat treatment chamber carries a plurality of depending pins shown at 35. The pins 35 project from enlarged portions 36 integrally molded on the lower section 8. The pins 35 are disposed at spaced intervals on'lower section 8, two such pins being on opposite sides of side opening 21 and the other pin being in radial alignment with side opening 21. I provide a removable sanitary pad as illustrated in Fig. 9 which is attachable to the pins 35 which depend from'the lower section 8 of the end closure. The sanitary pad consists of a relatively stifl' sheet of material indicated at 37 apertured at 38 in positions corresponding to the positions of pins 35. The stiff sheet of material or backing sheet 37 carries a soft facing pad 39 having a thickness sufficient to occupy the total length of the pins 35, and

having apertures 42 which align with the apertures 38 in backing sheet 37 in guiding the sanitary pad in position upon pins 35. The soft facing pad 37 provides a contacting medium adapted to fit against the crown of the-patron. The entire pad is used for one heat treatment operation and then removed and thrown away. A renewal pad may then be applied to the pins 35. The sanitary pad has a side opening 40 therein which terminates in the circular recesses 41 adapted to' be aligned with the side openings 11 and 21 in sections 6 and 8 and aligned with apertures 12 and 20 respectively. The strands of hair which pass into the heat treatment chamber are first moved sidewise through the open slots 20, 21 and 11 to a position within the apertures 41, 20 and 12, after which the sections 6 and 8 may be angularly moved to grip the strands of hair in position while the hair is wrapped upon the man drel and maintained thereon by tape 25 after operation of the winder 24.

The fact that the pins 35 extend from the projections 36 on the lower face of the lower section 8 of the closure member at the end of the heat treatment chamber, enables a structure tobe provided in which the facing pad is positively spaced-away from the lower end of the closure member. The pins 35 are of less diameter than the projections 36 and the facing pad is insertable over the pins 35 only to-a position in abutment with the projections 36, leaving a free air space designated at 43 for the circulation of cooling air between the facing pad and the end closure of heat resisting material. This'air space serves to reduce the transfer of heat to the crown of the patron and thus further protects the patron from injury during the hair waving process.

It will be observed that the strands of hair heat resisting material, thereby preventing overheating of the strands of hair from heat released from the surface with which the strands of hair contact.

The structure of hair waver set forth herein has been found to be extremely practical in manufacture and production and highly efficient in its use. While I have described my invention in certain of its preferred embodiments I desire that it be understood that modifications may be made and that no limitations upon my invention are intended other than are imposed by the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and .desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is-as follows:

1. In a hair waver, a heat treatment chamber having recesses formed in the exterior wall thereof, an end closure for said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel carried by said end closure, upstanding walls on-the periphery of said end closure, and lugs formed integral with the upstanding walls of said end closure for engaging recesses in the walls of said heat treatment chamber when said heat treatment chamber is moved into a telescoping position over said end closure, said end closure having means for facilitating the passage of strands of hair therethrough for effecting a curling operation on said mandrel.

2. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber having a wall structure of heat resisting material, an end closure of heat resisting material engageable over the end of said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel carried by said end closure for facilitating the wrapping of strands of hair which pass through said end closure, and a readily detachable facing pad carried by said end closure.

3. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber having a wall structure formed from heat resisting material, an end closure of heat resisting material, upstanding walls on said end closure, lugs carried by said walls and engageable with the end of said heat treatment chamber when said end closure is telescopically moved over the end of said chamber, a mandrel carried by said end closure, means for wrapping strands of hair which are passed through said end closure on said mandrel, a renewable facing pad for said end closure, and means depending from said end closure for effecting quick attachment and detachment of said facing pad to and from said end closure.

,4. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber having a wall structure formed from heat resisting material, an end closure of heat resisting material engageable over the end of said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel of heat resisting material carried by said end closure and proiectable into said heat treatment chamber, means for facilitating the passage of 1- air through said end closure and eflecting the wrapping of the hair on said mandrel, and a facing pad separable from said end closure adapted to be renewed for each heat treatment operaby said closure member and projectable into said heat treatment chamber, means for facilitating the passage of strands of hair through said 010- sure member for effecting a winding operation on said mandrel, a plurality of depending pins of heat resisting material on said closure member and a readily renewable sanitary facing pad engageable with said pins.

6. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber, a closuremember engageable with the end of said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure member and projectable into said heat treatment chamber, means for facilitating the passage of strands of hair through said closure member for effecting a winding operation on said mandrel, heat resisting connecting means on said closure member, and a facing pad attachable to and detachable from said heat resisting connecting means on said closure member, said facing pad when in position being maintained in a plane separated from the lower end of said closure member by an air circulating gap.

'1. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber, a closure member engageable.

with the end of said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure member and projectable into said heat treatment chamber, means for facilitating the passage of strands of hair through said closure member for effecting a winding operation on said mandrel, a plurality of projections extending from the end of said closure member, pins having a diameter less than the diameter of said projections .extending from said projections, a facing pad insertable over said pins in a position spaced from the lower face of said closure member for a distance determined by the depth of said projections for establishing a path for the circulation of cooling air between said facing pad and the lower face of said closure member.

8. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber having a wall structure of heat resisting material, a closure member of heat resisting material engageable with the end of said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel of heat resisting material extending from said closure member and projectable into said heat treatment chamber, a side opening in said closure member for facilitating the passage of strands of hair into said heat treatment chamber for effecting a wrapping operation on said mandrel, and a sanitary facing pad attachable to and removable from said closure member and having a side opening therein aligned with the side opening in said closure member for the passage of strands of hair into said heat treatment chamber.

9. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber, a closure member for the end of the heat treatment chamber, said closure member having radially extending slots at one side thereof for facilitating the entrance of strands of hair into said heat treatment chamber, pins depending from said closure member on opposite sides of said slot, a pin depending from said closure member adjacent the rear of said slots, and a sanitary facing pad apertured to receive said pins, said facing pad being readily removable and replaceable on said pins.

10. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber, a closure for the end of said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure and projecting interiorly within said heat treatment chamber, pins depending from the lower surface of said closure, a flat removable member adapted to be engaged over said pins, said removable member including a relatively stiff supporting sheet and a facing pad of relatively soft material.

11. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber formed from a wall structure of heat resisting material and terminating in an annular rim, an end closure formed by asubstantially. cup shaped member of heat resisting material, and lugs formed integralwith the opposite sides of said closure member for engaging said annular rim and retaining said closure member on said heat treatment chamber.

12. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber having a wall structure formed from heat resisting material, an annular groove and rim formed at the end of said heat treatment chamber, a closure member of heat resisting material engageable over the rim at the end of said heat treatment chamber, said closure member including lugs disposed at opposite sides thereof and integrally united with said closure member, said lugs extending in lines which are substantial y tangent to the groove in the end of said heat treatment chamber.

13. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber of heat resisting material, a closure of heat resisting material for the end of said heat treatment chamber, a mandrel carried by said closure and projectable into said heat treatment chamber, said heat treatment chamber having an annular groove and rim on the end thereof, and said closure member having a pair of diametrically coacting flattened integrally formed lugs engageable over said rim for maintaining said closure member in position at the end of said heat treatment chamber.

14. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber having an annular groove and rim adjacent the end thereof, a closure member engageable over the end of said chamber, said closure member having opposite walls having inherent resiliency and each being provided with integrally-formed lugs at diametrically opposite sides of the walls of said closure member and arranged tosnap over said rim for engagement within said groove for maintaining said closure member in position on the end of said heat treatment chamber.

15. Hair waving apparatus comprising a heat treatment chamber of heat resisting material, a closure of heat resisting material for the end of said heat treatment chamber and a mandrel of heat resisting material carried by said closure and projectable to a position within said heat treatment chamber, means effecting the passage of strands of hair through said closure member in a position in which the hair is wrapped on said mandrel of heat resisting material, securing.

means of heat resisting material projecting beneath said closure, and a removable sanitary pad supported by said securing means in spaced relation to the lower face of said closure.

16. In a hair waving apparatus, a heat treatment casing, a closure member for the end of said casing and a mandrel carried by said closure member and projectable within said heat treatment chamber, said mandrel including a metallic core, a coating of heat resisting material on said core, means for effecting the passage of hair through said closure member for performing a wrapping operation on said mandrel with the strands of hair in direct contact with the said coating of heat resisting material, securing means of heat resisting material connected to said closure member, and a readily renewable sanitary pad supported by said securing means in a plane spaced from the lower end of said closure member.

17. A mandrel for hair waving apparatus comprising a metallic core member, an internally screw threaded bushing fixed to one end of said metallic core member for providing an anchorage :for said mandrel, and a coating of heat resisting material extending over said bushing and over said metallic core member for providing a low temperature surface for receiving strands of hair in wrapped formation thereon.

18. A mandrel for hair waving apparatus comprising a metallic core member, a coating of a phenol condensation product extending over said metallic core member, and means on said metallic core for retaining said coating of phenol condensation product in close union with the core.

19. A mandrel for hair waving apparatus comprising a metallic core member, -an internally screw threaded sleeve secured over the lower extremity of said metallic core member for providing means for erecting said mandrel in a vertical position, projections on said metallic core member, and a coating formed by a phenol condensation product adhering to said metallic core member and maintained in position thereon by the union established by said projections with said phenol condensation product.

20. A mandrel for hair wavin apparatus comprising a metallic core member, an internally screw threaded sleeve secured to the lower extremity of said metallic core member and providing means for maintaining said mandrel in a vertically erected position, indentations formed in said metallic core member and a coating of phenol condensation product extending over said sleeve and over said metallic core member and maintained in position thereon by the union established between said indentations and said phenol condensation product.

ARTHUR G. BORDEN. 

